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The Norwegian nationalist in his Manifesto,among otrehs, is referring to :1.Laikos Orthodoxos Synagermos(LAOS)2.Hellenic Front. The leader of this organization is Makis Voridis, a former nazi activist who is now an elected m.p. in Greek Parliament. He is amember of LAOS party,where one can find many nazis in cover, like this Plevris guy, who is the son of a notorious anti-semite and admirer of Hitler and the "aryan" race .I see that, you have posted an article written by Mr Voridis in your greek blog,even today.Anyway, if some anarchists burn down a building with three people in it, we do not say they are insane, we blame their ideology,right? So, when a nationalist kills a hundred people, how could you say that his racist ideology has nothing to do with it? And why do you grant him an indulgence for the remission of his horrible crimes, stating that he is just an insane person? The fact that Breivik shares political views with Mr Voridis and otrehs(and you) does not mean anything?

Yup, that shluod defo do the trick!

I never posted an arictle by Mr. Voridis, I have his FEED on my blogroll, together with feeds of some politicians I respect from several other center-right parties of Greece.If you were not an ill-informed busybody, you would realize that I have been one of the most vocal opponents of LAOS on my blog. But, that does not mean that I don't respect certain LAOS politicians, and Mr. Voridis is certainly quite worthy of respect for many of his political positions.Anyway, if some anarchists burn down a building with three people in it, we do not say they are insane, we blame their ideology,right? So, when a nationalist kills a hundred people, how could you say that his racist ideology has nothing to do with it? And why do you grant him an indulgence for the remission of his horrible crimes, stating that he is just an insane person? Your sense of proportion is horribly misplaced. There have been criminals professing literally every sort of ideology or belief system: anarchists, nationalists, socialists, communists, Christians, atheists, and so on and so forth. Going by your irrational "argument" one ought to distance themselves from every set of ideas known to man, because every set of ideas has been at one time or another been misused by a criminal. The fact that Breivik shares political views with Mr Voridis and others(and you) does not mean anything?No, it does not mean anything. I'll judge Mr. Voridis's views on my own, and a Norwegian psychopath's opinions of them is irrelevant.

" There have been criminals prfesosing literally every sort of ideology or belief system: anarchists, nationalists, socialists, communists, Christians, atheists, and so on and so forth." Exactly."Going by your irrational "argument" one ought to distance themselves from every set of ideas known to man, because every set of ideas has been at one time or another been misused by a criminal."In some cases though, some sets of ideas are advocating crimes against humanity.For example:-Believing that some race is "better" than the others.-Believing that human races should never mix. -believing that the various ...cultures should never mix.Under the issue about not mixing civilizations, one can find easily traces of irrational thoughts, even a certain amount of stupidity. Right now, we are communicating using an alphabet given to British by the Romans, who borrowed it from Greeks who created it using the Semitic alphabet as a basis,and were using numbers given to us by the Arabs who took it from the Indians. We listen to rhythmical patterns brought to the States by negro slaves from Africa and melodies composed by Jewish composers, who used instruments based on an invention of Mesopotamians, using a theory formed by Europeans, who were using another possible Greek invention,a polyphonic instrument, called organ. We are all living in modern states with laws and armies, Levantine prehistoric inventions, etc, etc, etc. This is what we have learned at school. And this is what we realize reading your own articles.As a Greek you should bare in mind that classical Greece is a fine example of mixing of civilizations,(even acculturation, if you wish). I am referring to Greek tribes from the eastern neolithic revolution mixing with PIE speaking tribes who came from the north (or Caspian Sea) thousands of years later. Personally, I'd wish to have some real multi-culti atmosphere in Europe today. But it is not the case. Do you know many Greeks improvising ragas or dancing Bharata Natyam?(frankly,I know only one . Do you think that the English scene is ready to accept one of the many Greek, Byzantine and eastern musical scales? No such luck.What we have here is the cremation of all cultures of the planet before the statue of Moloch, whose real name is Money. Or Capital. Or huge music companies crazy about earning money, but not about any spiritual needs of humanity. It's worth mentioning that modern Greek culture has been created mostly by Leftists, communists, or former communists,gay and Jewish, Armenian, Arberesh and others.If you exclude them from modern Greek culture, you won't have many great things left. Except maybe from the nazi speeches of Mr. Vorides, a possible Breivik accomplice...

" There have been criminals prneossifg literally every sort of ideology or belief system: anarchists, nationalists, socialists, communists, Christians, atheists, and so on and so forth." Exactly."Going by your irrational "argument" one ought to distance themselves from every set of ideas known to man, because every set of ideas has been at one time or another been misused by a criminal."In some cases though, some sets of ideas are advocating crimes against humanity.For example:-Believing that some race is "better" than the others.-Believing that human races should never mix. -believing that the various ...cultures should never mix.Under the issue about not mixing civilizations, one can find easily traces of irrational thoughts, even a certain amount of stupidity. Right now, we are communicating using an alphabet given to British by the Romans, who borrowed it from Greeks who created it using the Semitic alphabet as a basis,and were using numbers given to us by the Arabs who took it from the Indians. We listen to rhythmical patterns brought to the States by negro slaves from Africa and melodies composed by Jewish composers, who used instruments based on an invention of Mesopotamians, using a theory formed by Europeans, who were using another possible Greek invention,a polyphonic instrument, called organ. We are all living in modern states with laws and armies, Levantine prehistoric inventions, etc, etc, etc. This is what we have learned at school. And this is what we realize reading your own articles.As a Greek you should bare in mind that classical Greece is a fine example of mixing of civilizations,(even acculturation, if you wish). I am referring to Greek tribes from the eastern neolithic revolution mixing with PIE speaking tribes who came from the north (or Caspian Sea) thousands of years later. Personally, I'd wish to have some real multi-culti atmosphere in Europe today. But it is not the case. Do you know many Greeks improvising ragas or dancing Bharata Natyam?(frankly,I know only one . Do you think that the English scene is ready to accept one of the many Greek, Byzantine and eastern musical scales? No such luck.What we have here is the cremation of all cultures of the planet before the statue of Moloch, whose real name is Money. Or Capital. Or huge music companies crazy about earning money, but not about any spiritual needs of humanity. It's worth mentioning that modern Greek culture has been created mostly by Leftists, communists, or former communists,gay and Jewish, Armenian, Arberesh and others.If you exclude them from modern Greek culture, you won't have many great things left. Except maybe from the nazi speeches of Mr. Vorides, a possible Breivik accomplice...

Is HGDP data amenable to extcirtaon of any known phenotypes? E.g., lactose persistence, malarial resistance, FOX-2, BRAC, blood type, immune complexes, any of the novelty seeking associated genotypes, eye/hair coloration, etc.Normally, in autosomal studies the point is to used the largest available data set to do cluster and admixture analysis with the assumption that the bulk of the data points are selectively neutral, in order to analyze ancestry. But, a few phenotypes associated with particular clusters might make it possible to make more informed non-statistical inferences about which of multiple possible historical moments at which admixture could have occurred make the most sense.For example, I remain captivated by the recent ancient DNA study that showed an absence of lactose tolerance in some remains in a mid-to-late megalithic frontier village (in line with low levels of lactose tolerance in modern Gascons of Southern France), as contrasted with exceedingly high levels of lactose tolerance in the nearby Basque who, while having the autosomal distinctiveness noted in this post and a few unusual aspects of the Y-DNA and mtDNA mix are overall typically Iberian genetically.I'm also curious if there has been much demographic modeling on the impact of RH- factors in Basque genetic distinctiveness as this could limit random admixture.What potential source populations for Basque are the best matches for the lactose tolerance and RH- factors?The high levels of lactose tolerance in Basque which have high levels of Y-DNA R1b1b2, that is absent in close neighbors to the Basque with high levels of R1b1b2, is particularly vexing because it makes scenarios suggested by the absence of a West Asian autosomal component such as Basque being representative of an early Neolithic background and other Europeans having an additional trace of a later wave of IE or proto-IE migration in the autosomal mix harder to grok.In an Old European wave (including any admixture in of Paleolithic layers) plus non-Basque IE wave model, you'd expect the non-IE people to be lactose intolerant and the IE people to be lactose tolerant. Instead, we see the reverse, which requires a more complex scenario. We need waves of Old European lactose intolerants, Basque lactose tolerants, and then an IE wave, in that order. Further, the mtDNA, at least, seems to suggest that there is more Basque admixture in of pre-Neolithic populations (e.g. represented in U5b and V mtDNA hgs) than some of their IE neighbors, which is particularly hard to fathom given the sequencing. One needs to have pre-Neolithic retreating to refugium for one reason in the face of Old European Neolithics, followed by Basque in migrations moving in for some other reason (other ecological niches are full, or they are kicked out of somewhere else and muscle in). Dating this from archaeology isn't easy either because you have continuious human presence in the region from the Paleolithic and it is hard to make calls on cultural continuity v. discontinuity and to distinguish meme transfer from demic transfer.Alternately, we could have had a scenario where selective effects would have put the Basque at far more selective pressure/founder effect for lactose tolerance than their neighbors, but it is hard to come up with selective pressures that would be so much more intense for the Basque than for Gacons or other Iberians.

Is HGDP data amenable to exacirtton of any known phenotypes? E.g., lactose persistence, malarial resistance, FOX-2, BRAC, blood type, immune complexes, any of the novelty seeking associated genotypes, eye/hair coloration, etc.Normally, in autosomal studies the point is to used the largest available data set to do cluster and admixture analysis with the assumption that the bulk of the data points are selectively neutral, in order to analyze ancestry. But, a few phenotypes associated with particular clusters might make it possible to make more informed non-statistical inferences about which of multiple possible historical moments at which admixture could have occurred make the most sense.For example, I remain captivated by the recent ancient DNA study that showed an absence of lactose tolerance in some remains in a mid-to-late megalithic frontier village (in line with low levels of lactose tolerance in modern Gascons of Southern France), as contrasted with exceedingly high levels of lactose tolerance in the nearby Basque who, while having the autosomal distinctiveness noted in this post and a few unusual aspects of the Y-DNA and mtDNA mix are overall typically Iberian genetically.I'm also curious if there has been much demographic modeling on the impact of RH- factors in Basque genetic distinctiveness as this could limit random admixture.What potential source populations for Basque are the best matches for the lactose tolerance and RH- factors?The high levels of lactose tolerance in Basque which have high levels of Y-DNA R1b1b2, that is absent in close neighbors to the Basque with high levels of R1b1b2, is particularly vexing because it makes scenarios suggested by the absence of a West Asian autosomal component such as Basque being representative of an early Neolithic background and other Europeans having an additional trace of a later wave of IE or proto-IE migration in the autosomal mix harder to grok.In an Old European wave (including any admixture in of Paleolithic layers) plus non-Basque IE wave model, you'd expect the non-IE people to be lactose intolerant and the IE people to be lactose tolerant. Instead, we see the reverse, which requires a more complex scenario. We need waves of Old European lactose intolerants, Basque lactose tolerants, and then an IE wave, in that order. Further, the mtDNA, at least, seems to suggest that there is more Basque admixture in of pre-Neolithic populations (e.g. represented in U5b and V mtDNA hgs) than some of their IE neighbors, which is particularly hard to fathom given the sequencing. One needs to have pre-Neolithic retreating to refugium for one reason in the face of Old European Neolithics, followed by Basque in migrations moving in for some other reason (other ecological niches are full, or they are kicked out of somewhere else and muscle in). Dating this from archaeology isn't easy either because you have continuious human presence in the region from the Paleolithic and it is hard to make calls on cultural continuity v. discontinuity and to distinguish meme transfer from demic transfer.Alternately, we could have had a scenario where selective effects would have put the Basque at far more selective pressure/founder effect for lactose tolerance than their neighbors, but it is hard to come up with selective pressures that would be so much more intense for the Basque than for Gacons or other Iberians.

"Maju, can you tell me more about the criticisms regridang FST?"Not really, I'm just echoing previous criticisms appeared at comments at this blog in relation to other studies (not about Basques), which seemed reasonable to me when I read them. You will have to search them yourself."I thought Maju was going to say all Northrern Spaniards are in reality Basques or Proto-Basques who lost their language"...It's possible in some cases but I just don't know or could back it with hard evidence. Anyhow, I understand that the historical Basque core area is Aquitaine and hence comparing with Iberians is generally going to produce rather distinctive results. That's also why I'm interested in more extensive and detailed sampling of French, specially Occitans (South French). "Vascoiberismo? Iberian language was somehow related to Euskera?"As I was just mentioning in a private email conversation this relation is not well established and in any case should date to the Epipaleolithic/Neolithic period. "Not really, since that study tested only a sample of 8 Basques and Spaniards only from Valencia".I did not notice before that the Spaniards of that study are from Valencia but that doesn't make them least valid, specially as they show only limited relation with Greece in a secondary component and instead they make up their own distinctive cluster. Valencians even show some amount of "Pyrenean" R1b1b2a1a2c, which is almost null among Western Iberians. Valencians are also the archetypal Iberians, not just in the historical Iberian sense but also in the Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic and Neolithic sense: all these phenomenons are centered around the Southern Valencian Country in the distinctive Iberian province (Iberian peninsula minus the Cantabrian strip, more related to Southern France instead, at least most of the time). So I think that the difference stands, though maybe can be less clear cut if you take many samples from areas near the Basque Country/Pyrenees. "What they're saying is that the supposed distinctiveness of Basques in these individual traditional systems doesn't hold up when we look at dense microarray data (thousands of markers)".Well, a Basque-only autosomal cluster at K=5 in a pan-European study (Bauchet again: 10,000 autosomal SNPs) is a clear signal of distinctiveness to me. And even more as Basques were only 8 individuals (small sample, which can't bias the results). ...Anyhow, I was looking at , who also uses Fst distances (and also fails to sample any French) and while the closest population to Basques by this measure are Spaniards (0.0060), Basques are not the closest population to Spaniards but Germans (0.0015), Tuscans (0.0023), East Europeans (0.0033), Irish (0.0037) and Swedes (0.0065). So it looks like, in comparison, Basques are still somewhat apart.

It's good to see someone thkinnig it through.

Hay woman!! I so love spaghetti sauce in the cprckoot. I think it's the aroma drifting through the house and the anbticipation of the meal later on. Have you tried roasted garlic ??? Oh ... yes!I think i'll make sauce tomorrow.

Good to hear from you! I'm working A LOT more these days, so I need slow ckoeor recipes like this. Thank you for sharing it with me. I wish I had a plate of this tonight instead of my boring peanut butter and banana sandwich!

he didn't mind the heat whatsoever and I could deineitfly make it again! Cooked it on low for four hours and it started to boil so I moved it down to simmer for an additional six hours. I froze the leftovers for future use.Thank you for posting a great recipe!

It's been WAY too long since your last take-over, Scott! Welcome back. You've convinced me and I will be manikg this, but I was wondering about not draining the fat before adding to the crockpot. If you skim it off after cooking, wouldn't it just be easier to do it before?